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Ancient Engineers Inspire To  A Sustainable Building

We often focus on modern technologies and cutting-edge design when considering sustainable buildings.However, the ancient world is full of remarkable engineering feats designed to stand the test of time.Just think of the towering pyramids of Egypt and the intricate aqueducts of Rome for a moment. These are a few examples of ancient engineers who used innovative techniques to build structures.

在考虑可持续建筑时，我们经常关注现代技术和尖端设计。然而，古代世界充满了经得起时间考验的非凡工程壮举。想想埃及高耸的金字塔和罗马错综复杂的渡槽吧。这些是古代工程师使用创新技术建造建筑物的几个例子。

But what can you learn from these ancient engineering marvels?

但你能从这些古老的工程奇迹中学到什么呢?

Ancient engineers understood how to create functional and beautiful structures that could endure for centuries.In this article, we'll explore how ancient engineering can provide valuable lessons and inspiration for creating sustainable buildings that are resilient and efficient in the modern world.

古代的工程师懂得如何建造功能齐全、美观耐用的建筑。在本文中，我们将探讨古代工程如何为创造现代世界中具有弹性和效率的可持续建筑提供宝贵的经验和灵感。

Inspirational Ancient Techniques To Create Sustainable Building

Some of the most famous buildings in the world have stood the test of time, like, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome, and Machu Picchu in Peru.By drawing on the lessons of the past, we can create buildings that are not only sustainable but also culturally rich, technologically advanced, and aesthetically compelling.So, let's take a journey through ancient engineering and discover how to use this knowledge to build a more sustainable future.

世界上一些最著名的建筑经受住了时间的考验，比如中国的长城、罗马的斗兽场和秘鲁的马丘比丘。通过吸取过去的经验教训，我们可以创造出不仅可持续发展，而且文化丰富、技术先进、美学引人注目的建筑。所以，让我们来一次古代工程之旅，探索如何利用这些知识来建立一个更可持续的未来。

1. Passive Cooling And Heating Systems

1. 被动冷却和加热系统

In ancient times, people couldn't access modern HVAC systems to heat and cool their homes and buildings. But still, their natural cooling system was impeccable.Passive cooling systems use natural ventilation, shade, and thermal mass to cool a building. Passive heating systems use insulation, orientation, and thermal mass to warm it up.

在古代，人们无法使用现代暖通空调系统来加热和冷却他们的房屋和建筑物。但是，它们的自然冷却系统是无可挑剔的。被动冷却系统利用自然通风、遮阳和热质量来冷却建筑物。被动加热系统利用绝缘、定向和热质量来加热。

In ancient times, they used a "windcatchers" technique to cool their buildings. Windcatchers were essentially large towers that caught the breeze and directed it down into the building.They designed their buildings with large windows and used materials like stone and concrete to absorb heat during the day. Then, at night, the stored heat would radiate back into the building, keeping it warm.

在古代，他们使用“捕风器”技术来冷却他们的建筑。捕风器本质上是一个巨大的塔，可以捕捉微风并将其引导到建筑物中。他们设计了大窗户的建筑，并使用石头和混凝土等材料在白天吸收热量。然后，在晚上，储存的热量会辐射回建筑物，保持温暖

You can apply these ancient techniques in designing buildings with large windows to allow natural light and heat to enter. In contrast, you can install shading devices like awnings and blinds to block direct sunlight during the hottest day.Buildings can also be designed with thermal mass materials like stone, brick, or concrete to store heat during the day and release it at night.

你可以将这些古老的技术应用于设计有大窗户的建筑，让自然光线和热量进入。相反，你可以安装遮阳篷和百叶窗等遮阳设备，在最热的日子里阻挡阳光直射。建筑物也可以用诸如石头、砖或混凝土之类的热质材料来设计，以便在白天储存热量，晚上释放热量。

中东古老建筑元素：捕风塔

捕风塔（Wind Tower）工作原理

2. Utilize Natural Ventilation

2. 利用自然通风

In older times, people relied on natural airflow to cool and ventilate their buildings, unlike modern air conditioning systems.The ancient Egyptians, for example, built homes with high ceilings and narrow windows to create a "chimney effect" that would draw hot air up and out of the building while cool air was drawn in through lower-level openings.

在旧时代，人们依靠自然气流来冷却和通风他们的建筑物，不像现代空调系统。例如，古埃及人建造的房屋有高高的天花板和狭窄的窗户，以创造一种“烟囱效应”，将热空气吸入并排出建筑物，而冷空气则通过较低的开口吸入。

Similarly, the ancient Greeks and Romans used courtyards, atriums, and open-air corridors to promote natural ventilation. By positioning buildings around a central courtyard or atrium, they could create a natural airflow through the building.In the modern era, we can benefit from these ancient techniques by utilizing natural ventilation to cool and ventilate our buildings.

同样，古希腊人和罗马人使用庭院、中庭和露天走廊来促进自然通风。通过将建筑围绕中央庭院或中庭进行定位，他们可以在建筑中创造自然的气流。在现代，我们可以从这些古老的技术中受益，利用自然通风来冷却和通风我们的建筑。

By incorporating features like large windows, skylights, and roof vents, we can encourage natural airflow that helps to regulate the temperature and air quality.We can also use the cross-ventilation process. It involves positioning windows and doors on opposite sides of the building to create a natural flow of air from one end to the other.

通过结合大窗户、天窗和屋顶通风口等功能，我们可以促进自然气流，帮助调节温度和空气质量。我们也可以使用交叉通风。它包括将窗户和门放置在建筑物的两侧，以创造空气从一端到另一端的自然流动。

3. Use Of Prefabricated Materials In Controlled Environments

3.预制材料在受控环境中的使用

Ancient engineers could reduce waste, increase productivity, and provide more precise and streamlined construction. They achieved it by manufacturing building components or modules off-site in a controlled environment.Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians used mud bricks in their architecture. They could create bricks that could be formed and dried in the sun off-site by mixing mud and straw. This technique allowed large quantities of bricks to be manufactured before construction.

古代工程师可以减少浪费，提高生产力，并提供更精确和流线型的建筑。他们通过在受控环境中制造建筑组件或模块来实现这一目标。古埃及人和美索不达米亚人在建筑中使用泥砖。他们可以把泥土和稻草混合在一起，制造出可以在室外晒干的砖。这种技术允许在施工前制造大量的砖块。

In the same way, by using abundant materials in the area, we can reduce transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with shipping materials long distances.Additionally, using natural materials, such as mud bricks or locally-sourced timber, can help to reduce the carbon footprint of the building.

同样，通过在该地区使用丰富的材料，我们可以减少运输成本和与长距离运输材料相关的碳排放。此外，使用天然材料，如泥砖或当地采购的木材，可以帮助减少建筑的碳足迹。

夯土泥砖（mud bricks）

Ziggurat Architecture in Mesopotamia

美索不达米亚金字塔（夯土建筑复原图）

4. Use Of Natural Light

4. 自然光的使用

Ancient buildings often featured large windows and skylights to maximize natural light. This created a more pleasant interior environment and reduced the need for artificial lighting.They also used light wells, essentially open-air courtyards, to illuminate interior spaces further away from the exterior walls.

古代建筑通常以大窗户和天窗为特色，以最大限度地利用自然光。这创造了一个更舒适的室内环境，减少了对人工照明的需求。他们还使用采光井，基本上是露天庭院，来照亮远离外墙的内部空间。

In the modern era, we can still benefit from these ancient techniques by utilizing natural light to illuminate our buildings.By incorporating features like large windows, skylights, and light wells, we can reduce our reliance on artificial lighting and energy consumption.Another technique that we can use to promote natural light is the use of light shelves. These are horizontal surfaces positioned above eye level to reflect light deeper into the interior spaces of the building.

在现代，我们仍然可以从这些古老的技术中受益，利用自然光来照亮我们的建筑。通过结合大窗户、天窗和采光井等功能，我们可以减少对人工照明和能源消耗的依赖。我们可以用来促进自然光的另一种技术是使用光架。这些是位于视线水平以上的水平表面，将光线反射到建筑的内部空间。

Light shelves can be particularly effective in spaces with large windows, which can help distribute natural light more evenly throughout the room.

在有大窗户的空间里，光架特别有效，它可以帮助自然光线更均匀地分布在整个房间。

5. Harvest Rainwater

5. 收获雨水

People were smart about capturing and storing rainwater in ancient times. And it was a common practice for them. Furthermore, they use the stored water for irrigation, washing, and other purposes.One ancient rainwater harvesting system is called the qanat system, developed in Persia more than 2,500 years ago.

在古代，人们在收集和储存雨水方面很聪明。这对他们来说是一种常见的做法。此外，他们将储存的水用于灌溉、洗涤和其他目的。一种古老的雨水收集系统被称为坎坎井系统，在2500多年前的波斯发展起来。

This system involved digging underground tunnels that allowed water to flow from higher elevations to lower ones, which could be collected in wells and cisterns.Today, we can still use these ancient techniques to create sustainable buildings that use rainwater. Moreover, it will reduce our reliance on municipal water sources.

这个系统包括挖掘地下隧道，让水从高海拔地区流向低海拔地区，这些水可以收集在井和蓄水池中。今天，我们仍然可以使用这些古老的技术来建造利用雨水的可持续建筑。此外，它将减少我们对市政水源的依赖。

You can start by simply attaching a rain barrel to your downspout, or you can go all out and install an underground cistern system.Another way to promote rainwater harvesting is to incorporate green roofs. A green roof is a rooftop garden planted with vegetation and designed to absorb rainwater.The plants help to filter the water and release it slowly, reducing runoff and preventing water from overwhelming municipal stormwater systems.

你可以简单地在落水管上安装一个雨水桶，或者你可以全力以赴，安装一个地下蓄水池系统。另一种促进雨水收集的方法是结合绿色屋顶。绿色屋顶是一个种植了植被的屋顶花园，旨在吸收雨水。这些植物有助于过滤和缓慢释放水，减少径流，防止水淹没城市雨水系统。

坎儿井（the qanat system）雨水收集系统

6. Adaptive Reuse

6. 适应性重用

We don't always have to start from scratch when creating sustainable buildings. One of the most sustainable building approaches is repurposing existing structures, a concept known as adaptive reuse.This approach has been used for centuries and is just as relevant today. It involves various building types, from industrial and commercial buildings to residential homes.

在创建可持续建筑时，我们并不总是需要从零开始。最可持续的建筑方法之一是重新利用现有结构，这一概念被称为适应性再利用。这种方法已经使用了几个世纪，今天也同样适用。它涉及各种建筑类型，从工业和商业建筑到住宅。

For example, an old warehouse might be converted into a trendy loft apartment, or a former school building could become a community center.We can reduce waste, conserve resources, and preserve historical and cultural landmarks by repurposing existing buildings. This is especially important considering that the building industry is responsible for significant carbon emissions.

例如，一个旧仓库可以被改造成一个时髦的阁楼公寓，或者一个以前的学校建筑可以变成一个社区中心。我们可以通过改造现有建筑的用途，减少浪费，节约资源，保护历史和文化地标。考虑到建筑行业对大量的碳排放负有责任，这一点尤其重要。

Adaptive reuse can also be a cost-effective way to create new buildings. Because the structure already exists, much of the infrastructure is already in place. This can make it less expensive to retrofit an existing building than to build a new one from the ground up.

适应性再利用也是创造新建筑的一种经济有效的方式。由于结构已经存在，大部分基础设施已经到位。这可以使改造现有建筑比从头开始建造新建筑更便宜。

7. Use Passive Solar Design

7. 使用被动式太阳能设计

Passive solar design is all about using the sun's energy to naturally heat and cool a building. Ancient builders did this by carefully orienting their buildings to face the sun and using materials that could maximize solar gain in the winter and minimize it in the summer.Large, well-insulated windows facing the south are ideal for maximum solar gain. They also used shading devices like overhangs and pergolas to keep their buildings cool in the summer while allowing the sun to provide natural light.

被动式太阳能设计就是利用太阳能来自然地加热和冷却建筑。古代的建筑者通过小心翼翼地将他们的建筑朝向太阳，并使用可以在冬季最大化太阳增益而在夏季最小化太阳增益的材料来做到这一点。朝南的大而隔热良好的窗户是获得最大太阳能的理想选择。他们还使用了遮阳设备，如悬挑和藤架，在夏天保持建筑物凉爽，同时让太阳提供自然光。

Fast forward to the modern era, and we can still rely on the sun's energy to provide heating and cooling. We can use high-performance windows and insulation to help regulate the temperature inside the building.We can also incorporate a "solar chimney," designed to pull hot air up and out of the building, creating a natural convection current that helps keep the building cool.

快进到现代，我们仍然可以依靠太阳的能量来提供加热和冷却。我们可以使用高性能的窗户和隔热材料来帮助调节建筑内部的温度。我们还可以加入一个“太阳能烟囱”，旨在将热空气拉上并排出建筑物，形成自然对流，帮助保持建筑物凉爽。

We can also incorporate a "solar chimney," designed to pull hot air up and out of the building, creating a natural convection current that helps keep the building cool.Ancient technology can teach us about sustainability in building design in countless ways.By embracing these sustainable practices, we can reduce waste, minimize our carbon footprint, and create healthy, beautiful, and functional spaces for generations.

我们还可以加入一个“太阳能烟囱”，旨在将热空气拉上并排出建筑物，形成自然对流，帮助保持建筑物凉爽。古老的技术可以以无数的方式教会我们建筑设计的可持续性。通过采用这些可持续的做法，我们可以减少浪费，最大限度地减少我们的碳足迹，并为子孙后代创造健康、美丽和实用的空间。

We can learn their techniques and incorporate them into our modern practices to create environmentally responsible buildings and respectful of our history and culture.

我们可以学习他们的技术，并将其纳入我们的现代实践，以创造对环境负责的建筑，尊重我们的历史和文化。

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Ancient Engineers Inspire To  A Sustainable Building

We often focus on modern technologies and cutting-edge design when considering sustainable buildings.However, the ancient world is full of remarkable engineering feats designed to stand the test of time.Just think of the towering pyramids of Egypt and the intricate aqueducts of Rome for a moment. These are a few examples of ancient engineers who used innovative techniques to build structures.

在考虑可持续建筑时，我们经常关注现代技术和尖端设计。然而，古代世界充满了经得起时间考验的非凡工程壮举。想想埃及高耸的金字塔和罗马错综复杂的渡槽吧。这些是古代工程师使用创新技术建造建筑物的几个例子。

But what can you learn from these ancient engineering marvels?

但你能从这些古老的工程奇迹中学到什么呢?

Ancient engineers understood how to create functional and beautiful structures that could endure for centuries.In this article, we'll explore how ancient engineering can provide valuable lessons and inspiration for creating sustainable buildings that are resilient and efficient in the modern world.

古代的工程师懂得如何建造功能齐全、美观耐用的建筑。在本文中，我们将探讨古代工程如何为创造现代世界中具有弹性和效率的可持续建筑提供宝贵的经验和灵感。

Inspirational Ancient Techniques To Create Sustainable Building

Some of the most famous buildings in the world have stood the test of time, like, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome, and Machu Picchu in Peru.By drawing on the lessons of the past, we can create buildings that are not only sustainable but also culturally rich, technologically advanced, and aesthetically compelling.So, let's take a journey through ancient engineering and discover how to use this knowledge to build a more sustainable future.

世界上一些最著名的建筑经受住了时间的考验，比如中国的长城、罗马的斗兽场和秘鲁的马丘比丘。通过吸取过去的经验教训，我们可以创造出不仅可持续发展，而且文化丰富、技术先进、美学引人注目的建筑。所以，让我们来一次古代工程之旅，探索如何利用这些知识来建立一个更可持续的未来。

1. Passive Cooling And Heating Systems

1. 被动冷却和加热系统

In ancient times, people couldn't access modern HVAC systems to heat and cool their homes and buildings. But still, their natural cooling system was impeccable.Passive cooling systems use natural ventilation, shade, and thermal mass to cool a building. Passive heating systems use insulation, orientation, and thermal mass to warm it up.

在古代，人们无法使用现代暖通空调系统来加热和冷却他们的房屋和建筑物。但是，它们的自然冷却系统是无可挑剔的。被动冷却系统利用自然通风、遮阳和热质量来冷却建筑物。被动加热系统利用绝缘、定向和热质量来加热。

In ancient times, they used a "windcatchers" technique to cool their buildings. Windcatchers were essentially large towers that caught the breeze and directed it down into the building.They designed their buildings with large windows and used materials like stone and concrete to absorb heat during the day. Then, at night, the stored heat would radiate back into the building, keeping it warm.

在古代，他们使用“捕风器”技术来冷却他们的建筑。捕风器本质上是一个巨大的塔，可以捕捉微风并将其引导到建筑物中。他们设计了大窗户的建筑，并使用石头和混凝土等材料在白天吸收热量。然后，在晚上，储存的热量会辐射回建筑物，保持温暖

You can apply these ancient techniques in designing buildings with large windows to allow natural light and heat to enter. In contrast, you can install shading devices like awnings and blinds to block direct sunlight during the hottest day.Buildings can also be designed with thermal mass materials like stone, brick, or concrete to store heat during the day and release it at night.

你可以将这些古老的技术应用于设计有大窗户的建筑，让自然光线和热量进入。相反，你可以安装遮阳篷和百叶窗等遮阳设备，在最热的日子里阻挡阳光直射。建筑物也可以用诸如石头、砖或混凝土之类的热质材料来设计，以便在白天储存热量，晚上释放热量。

中东古老建筑元素：捕风塔

捕风塔（Wind Tower）工作原理

2. Utilize Natural Ventilation

2. 利用自然通风

In older times, people relied on natural airflow to cool and ventilate their buildings, unlike modern air conditioning systems.The ancient Egyptians, for example, built homes with high ceilings and narrow windows to create a "chimney effect" that would draw hot air up and out of the building while cool air was drawn in through lower-level openings.

在旧时代，人们依靠自然气流来冷却和通风他们的建筑物，不像现代空调系统。例如，古埃及人建造的房屋有高高的天花板和狭窄的窗户，以创造一种“烟囱效应”，将热空气吸入并排出建筑物，而冷空气则通过较低的开口吸入。

Similarly, the ancient Greeks and Romans used courtyards, atriums, and open-air corridors to promote natural ventilation. By positioning buildings around a central courtyard or atrium, they could create a natural airflow through the building.In the modern era, we can benefit from these ancient techniques by utilizing natural ventilation to cool and ventilate our buildings.

同样，古希腊人和罗马人使用庭院、中庭和露天走廊来促进自然通风。通过将建筑围绕中央庭院或中庭进行定位，他们可以在建筑中创造自然的气流。在现代，我们可以从这些古老的技术中受益，利用自然通风来冷却和通风我们的建筑。

By incorporating features like large windows, skylights, and roof vents, we can encourage natural airflow that helps to regulate the temperature and air quality.We can also use the cross-ventilation process. It involves positioning windows and doors on opposite sides of the building to create a natural flow of air from one end to the other.

通过结合大窗户、天窗和屋顶通风口等功能，我们可以促进自然气流，帮助调节温度和空气质量。我们也可以使用交叉通风。它包括将窗户和门放置在建筑物的两侧，以创造空气从一端到另一端的自然流动。

3. Use Of Prefabricated Materials In Controlled Environments

3.预制材料在受控环境中的使用

Ancient engineers could reduce waste, increase productivity, and provide more precise and streamlined construction. They achieved it by manufacturing building components or modules off-site in a controlled environment.Ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians used mud bricks in their architecture. They could create bricks that could be formed and dried in the sun off-site by mixing mud and straw. This technique allowed large quantities of bricks to be manufactured before construction.

古代工程师可以减少浪费，提高生产力，并提供更精确和流线型的建筑。他们通过在受控环境中制造建筑组件或模块来实现这一目标。古埃及人和美索不达米亚人在建筑中使用泥砖。他们可以把泥土和稻草混合在一起，制造出可以在室外晒干的砖。这种技术允许在施工前制造大量的砖块。

In the same way, by using abundant materials in the area, we can reduce transportation costs and carbon emissions associated with shipping materials long distances.Additionally, using natural materials, such as mud bricks or locally-sourced timber, can help to reduce the carbon footprint of the building.

同样，通过在该地区使用丰富的材料，我们可以减少运输成本和与长距离运输材料相关的碳排放。此外，使用天然材料，如泥砖或当地采购的木材，可以帮助减少建筑的碳足迹。

夯土泥砖（mud bricks）

Ziggurat Architecture in Mesopotamia

美索不达米亚金字塔（夯土建筑复原图）

4. Use Of Natural Light

4. 自然光的使用

Ancient buildings often featured large windows and skylights to maximize natural light. This created a more pleasant interior environment and reduced the need for artificial lighting.They also used light wells, essentially open-air courtyards, to illuminate interior spaces further away from the exterior walls.

古代建筑通常以大窗户和天窗为特色，以最大限度地利用自然光。这创造了一个更舒适的室内环境，减少了对人工照明的需求。他们还使用采光井，基本上是露天庭院，来照亮远离外墙的内部空间。

In the modern era, we can still benefit from these ancient techniques by utilizing natural light to illuminate our buildings.By incorporating features like large windows, skylights, and light wells, we can reduce our reliance on artificial lighting and energy consumption.Another technique that we can use to promote natural light is the use of light shelves. These are horizontal surfaces positioned above eye level to reflect light deeper into the interior spaces of the building.

在现代，我们仍然可以从这些古老的技术中受益，利用自然光来照亮我们的建筑。通过结合大窗户、天窗和采光井等功能，我们可以减少对人工照明和能源消耗的依赖。我们可以用来促进自然光的另一种技术是使用光架。这些是位于视线水平以上的水平表面，将光线反射到建筑的内部空间。

Light shelves can be particularly effective in spaces with large windows, which can help distribute natural light more evenly throughout the room.

在有大窗户的空间里，光架特别有效，它可以帮助自然光线更均匀地分布在整个房间。

5. Harvest Rainwater

5. 收获雨水

People were smart about capturing and storing rainwater in ancient times. And it was a common practice for them. Furthermore, they use the stored water for irrigation, washing, and other purposes.One ancient rainwater harvesting system is called the qanat system, developed in Persia more than 2,500 years ago.

在古代，人们在收集和储存雨水方面很聪明。这对他们来说是一种常见的做法。此外，他们将储存的水用于灌溉、洗涤和其他目的。一种古老的雨水收集系统被称为坎坎井系统，在2500多年前的波斯发展起来。

This system involved digging underground tunnels that allowed water to flow from higher elevations to lower ones, which could be collected in wells and cisterns.Today, we can still use these ancient techniques to create sustainable buildings that use rainwater. Moreover, it will reduce our reliance on municipal water sources.

这个系统包括挖掘地下隧道，让水从高海拔地区流向低海拔地区，这些水可以收集在井和蓄水池中。今天，我们仍然可以使用这些古老的技术来建造利用雨水的可持续建筑。此外，它将减少我们对市政水源的依赖。

You can start by simply attaching a rain barrel to your downspout, or you can go all out and install an underground cistern system.Another way to promote rainwater harvesting is to incorporate green roofs. A green roof is a rooftop garden planted with vegetation and designed to absorb rainwater.The plants help to filter the water and release it slowly, reducing runoff and preventing water from overwhelming municipal stormwater systems.

你可以简单地在落水管上安装一个雨水桶，或者你可以全力以赴，安装一个地下蓄水池系统。另一种促进雨水收集的方法是结合绿色屋顶。绿色屋顶是一个种植了植被的屋顶花园，旨在吸收雨水。这些植物有助于过滤和缓慢释放水，减少径流，防止水淹没城市雨水系统。

坎儿井（the qanat system）雨水收集系统

6. Adaptive Reuse

6. 适应性重用

We don't always have to start from scratch when creating sustainable buildings. One of the most sustainable building approaches is repurposing existing structures, a concept known as adaptive reuse.This approach has been used for centuries and is just as relevant today. It involves various building types, from industrial and commercial buildings to residential homes.

在创建可持续建筑时，我们并不总是需要从零开始。最可持续的建筑方法之一是重新利用现有结构，这一概念被称为适应性再利用。这种方法已经使用了几个世纪，今天也同样适用。它涉及各种建筑类型，从工业和商业建筑到住宅。

For example, an old warehouse might be converted into a trendy loft apartment, or a former school building could become a community center.We can reduce waste, conserve resources, and preserve historical and cultural landmarks by repurposing existing buildings. This is especially important considering that the building industry is responsible for significant carbon emissions.

例如，一个旧仓库可以被改造成一个时髦的阁楼公寓，或者一个以前的学校建筑可以变成一个社区中心。我们可以通过改造现有建筑的用途，减少浪费，节约资源，保护历史和文化地标。考虑到建筑行业对大量的碳排放负有责任，这一点尤其重要。

Adaptive reuse can also be a cost-effective way to create new buildings. Because the structure already exists, much of the infrastructure is already in place. This can make it less expensive to retrofit an existing building than to build a new one from the ground up.

适应性再利用也是创造新建筑的一种经济有效的方式。由于结构已经存在，大部分基础设施已经到位。这可以使改造现有建筑比从头开始建造新建筑更便宜。

7. Use Passive Solar Design

7. 使用被动式太阳能设计

Passive solar design is all about using the sun's energy to naturally heat and cool a building. Ancient builders did this by carefully orienting their buildings to face the sun and using materials that could maximize solar gain in the winter and minimize it in the summer.Large, well-insulated windows facing the south are ideal for maximum solar gain. They also used shading devices like overhangs and pergolas to keep their buildings cool in the summer while allowing the sun to provide natural light.

被动式太阳能设计就是利用太阳能来自然地加热和冷却建筑。古代的建筑者通过小心翼翼地将他们的建筑朝向太阳，并使用可以在冬季最大化太阳增益而在夏季最小化太阳增益的材料来做到这一点。朝南的大而隔热良好的窗户是获得最大太阳能的理想选择。他们还使用了遮阳设备，如悬挑和藤架，在夏天保持建筑物凉爽，同时让太阳提供自然光。

Fast forward to the modern era, and we can still rely on the sun's energy to provide heating and cooling. We can use high-performance windows and insulation to help regulate the temperature inside the building.We can also incorporate a "solar chimney," designed to pull hot air up and out of the building, creating a natural convection current that helps keep the building cool.

快进到现代，我们仍然可以依靠太阳的能量来提供加热和冷却。我们可以使用高性能的窗户和隔热材料来帮助调节建筑内部的温度。我们还可以加入一个“太阳能烟囱”，旨在将热空气拉上并排出建筑物，形成自然对流，帮助保持建筑物凉爽。

We can also incorporate a "solar chimney," designed to pull hot air up and out of the building, creating a natural convection current that helps keep the building cool.Ancient technology can teach us about sustainability in building design in countless ways.By embracing these sustainable practices, we can reduce waste, minimize our carbon footprint, and create healthy, beautiful, and functional spaces for generations.

我们还可以加入一个“太阳能烟囱”，旨在将热空气拉上并排出建筑物，形成自然对流，帮助保持建筑物凉爽。古老的技术可以以无数的方式教会我们建筑设计的可持续性。通过采用这些可持续的做法，我们可以减少浪费，最大限度地减少我们的碳足迹，并为子孙后代创造健康、美丽和实用的空间。

We can learn their techniques and incorporate them into our modern practices to create environmentally responsible buildings and respectful of our history and culture.

我们可以学习他们的技术，并将其纳入我们的现代实践，以创造对环境负责的建筑，尊重我们的历史和文化。

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