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前言：

通过调研发现，环境问题，建筑问题，能源问题，最终回归到了古人智慧的问题。大家在发明新事物的过程中，都能在古人哪里看到一点影子。现代化的今天，雨水收集系统，作为环境能源和可持续发展过程中的一个子项，水的重要程度不言而喻。

今天让我们调研下雨水收集的历史，研究下这套系统其究竟，是现代发明？还是古人智慧？

THE HISTORY OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

雨水收集的历史

With the recent trends to be more environmentally conscious, you might think that rainwater harvesting is reaching its peak in popularity. In reality, it’s a method that’s been in practice for thousands of years. Centuries-old cisterns and catchments can still be found around the world and are evident that this practice was thriving for centuries. In fact, modern harvesting is not even as commonplace as it was just a few hundred years ago.

随着最近的环保意识越来越强，你可能会认为雨水收集已经达到了普及的顶峰。实际上，这种方法已经被实践了数千年。世界各地仍然可以找到数百年历史的蓄水池和集水区，很明显，这种做法已经盛行了几个世纪。事实上，现代采收甚至不像几百年前那样普遍。

The history of rainwater harvesting goes back much father though and across many cultures who developed rainwater collection infrastructure independent of each other. Here we explore the full history of rainwater harvesting.

雨水收集的历史可以追溯到很久以前，在许多文化中，雨水收集的基础设施都是相互独立的。在这里，我们探索雨水收集的完整历史。

Who was the first to collect rainwater?

谁做了第一个收集雨水?

It’s impossible to say who started collecting rainwater first. As it can be as simple as setting out a barrel, it’s possible individuals had been collecting rainwater for centuries before it was adopted culturally. The oldest known infrastructure though dates as far back as 5,000 BC in the Indus Valley near modern-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The civilization there boasted one of the most advanced sewage and water supply systems for that era with the technology ingrained into their culture and built into their cities.

很难说是谁先开始收集雨水的。因为它可以像放置一个桶一样简单，所以在被文化接受之前，人们可能已经收集了几个世纪的雨水。然而，已知最古老的基础设施可以追溯到公元前5000年，在今天的印度、巴基斯坦和阿富汗附近的印度河流域。那里的文明拥有那个时代最先进的污水和供水系统之一，这些技术根植于他们的文化和城市中。

It’s clear that the practice of collecting rainwater began well before that. A sophisticated system like that is not developed without precedence and in this case, there is plenty of evidence in the area that the urban installations were the most advanced versions of collection that had already begun. Not far away, a number of tanks were cut from rock to quench the thirst of tradesmen along a busy road.

很明显，收集雨水的做法早在那之前就开始了。像这样复杂的系统不是没有先例就发展起来的，在这种情况下，有很多证据表明，城市装置是已经开始的最先进的收集版本。不远处，有人从岩石上凿出一些水罐，为繁忙道路两旁的商人解渴。

Water collecting through the ages

水的收集历经千古

Many cultures embraced water harvesting over the next few centuries with many ancient cisterns found in Greece and Israel. It was the Roman Empire that embraced rainwater collecting and advanced the practice significantly. With an evolving culture and a growing urban population, the demand for water was insatiable. Romans developed a bath culture and implemented advanced sewage systems that kept their cities amazingly clean. This increasing demand for water led to many inventive solutions, including the famous aqueducts but also advancements in rainwater harvesting.

在接下来的几个世纪里，许多文化都接受了水收集，在希腊和以色列发现了许多古老的蓄水池。罗马帝国接受了雨水收集，并大大推进了这一做法。随着文化的发展和城市人口的增长，对水的需求是无法满足的。罗马人发展了一种沐浴文化，并实施了先进的污水处理系统，使他们的城市保持了惊人的清洁。对水日益增长的需求催生了许多创造性的解决方案，包括著名的渡槽，以及雨水收集方面的进步。

As with many cultures before the Romans, rooftop rainwater collection was commonplace and clear evidence of this was found in Pompei where Terra Cotta pipes funneled the water into cisterns to be stored for domestic use. The cisterns are the real star of the show for the Roman empire. They built many over the course of their empire, some of which are large, impressive, and both. They even built the largest cistern ever*, the Basilica Cistern which was 105,000 square feet large and could hold over 21 million gallons of water. While this was the largest, they had many such cisterns to serve the public’s demand for water.

在罗马人之前的许多文化中，屋顶雨水收集是司空见惯的，在庞贝发现了清晰的证据，在那里，陶俑管道将水汇集到蓄水池中，供家庭使用。这些蓄水池是罗马帝国的真正亮点。他们在帝国的进程中建造了许多，其中一些很大，令人印象深刻，两者兼而有之。他们甚至建造了史上最大的蓄水池——巴西利卡蓄水池，面积达10.5万平方英尺，可容纳2100多万加仑的水。虽然这是最大的，但他们有许多这样的蓄水池来满足公众对水的需求。

The decline of rainwater harvesting

雨水收集的减少

Over the following centuries, the use of rainwater collection for domestic use fell. WIth new technologies for supplying and storing water were invented, the use of traditional rainwater catchments fell out of practice.

在接下来的几个世纪里，雨水收集用于家庭用途的使用减少了。随着供应和储存水的新技术的发明，传统的雨水集水区的使用已经过时了。

One additional reason rainwater harvesting fell out of practice is that cisterns lacked the technology to properly filter the water to prevent disease. As urban areas grew, and travel became more commonplace, traditional cisterns provided an increased risk of spreading disease. After a while, it was largely only practiced in areas where the location and the climate provided no other choice. A lot of rural homes in Australia rely solely on rainwater collecting to provide water for their daily needs.

雨水收集没有被实践的另一个原因是蓄水池缺乏适当过滤水以预防疾病的技术。随着城市面积的扩大，旅行变得更加普遍，传统的蓄水池增加了传播疾病的风险。过了一段时间，它基本上只在地理位置和气候没有其他选择的地区进行。澳大利亚的许多农村家庭完全依靠雨水收集来提供日常所需的水。

Modern Rainwater Harvesting

现代雨水收集

With the acknowledgment of global warming, the rising prices of local water supply companies, and the increasing scarcity of fresh water, collecting rainwater for domestic uses is beginning to see a resurgence in popularity. In places where water is in short supply, governments are even beginning to subsidize the installation of water conservation systems.

随着人们认识到全球变暖，当地供水公司的价格不断上涨，以及淡水日益稀缺，收集雨水供家庭使用开始重新流行起来。在水资源短缺的地方，政府甚至开始补贴安装节水系统。

Whatever the cause for the resurgence, there’s no doubt that rainwater harvesting is a simple technology with powerful benefits for both the environment or your wallet. Or your garden of course!

无论这种复苏的原因是什么，毫无疑问，雨水收集是一种简单的技术，对环境和你的钱包都有很大的好处。当然还有你的花园!

Origin of Rainwater Harvesting

雨水收集的起源

Obviously, it is nearly impossible to trace back to which civilization used the method of rainwater harvesting first, but evidence shows that different types of rainwater collection systems were used in 2000 BC in India, Mesopotamia, China, and modern day Israel.

显然，要追溯最早使用雨水收集方法的文明几乎是不可能的，但有证据表明，公元前2000年，印度、美索不达米亚、中国和现代以色列都使用了不同类型的雨水收集系统。

The basic design of these systems often involved a large rock formed into a basin using clay and other rocks to seal it from leaking. And then, using different diversion tactics, water would be stored and used for drinking, washing, agriculture and more.

这些系统的基本设计通常包括一个大的岩石形成一个盆地，用粘土和其他岩石密封它以防止泄漏。然后，使用不同的分流策略，水将被储存起来，用于饮用、洗涤、农业等。

Middle East

中东

The middle east has a rich history in the rainwater harvesting timeline. Dating back to 2000 B.C., people in the Negev Desert, which is modern-day Israel, survived by capturing water from the hillside and storing it in Cisterns.

中东在雨水收集方面有着丰富的历史。追溯到公元前2000年，内盖夫沙漠，也就是今天的以色列，人们靠从山坡上取水并将其储存在蓄水池中生存下来。

Back then, water availability was truly a life or death situation. According to Heather Kinkade-Levario in Design for Water Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse, in tales of a war for the land east of Jordan, King Mesha of Moab used reservoirs to capture rain and gave his warriors the ability to survive in the dry heat.

那时候，水的供应真的是一个生死攸关的问题。根据Heather kinkde - levario在《雨水收集、雨水集水区和交替水再利用设计》一书中所述，在约旦东部争夺土地的战争故事中，摩押国王米沙利用水库收集雨水，使他的战士能够在干热中生存。

In the civilizations, rainwater harvesting cisterns were common on a home by home basis, based on a historical document of that time in the Middle East. These cisterns would range from 10,000 gallons to 50,000 gallons, and would often be stored underground. Community cisterns were also common. They used technologies such as sediment traps prior to entering the large cistern, which could hold as much as 1,000,000 gallons of water. And even larger reservoirs would hold 11,000,000 gallons of water such as one in Madaba, Jordan.

根据当时中东的一份历史文献，在文明中，雨水收集池在每家每户都很常见。这些蓄水池的容量从1万加仑到5万加仑不等，通常储存在地下。社区蓄水池也很常见。他们在进入可容纳100万加仑水的大蓄水池之前使用了沉淀物陷阱等技术。甚至更大的水库也能容纳1100万加仑的水，比如约旦迈达巴的水库。

India

印度

Many rainwater harvesting roots can be traced back to India. Including systems that are built on top of homes which are still used to this day. In fact, when I visited India in 2017, I saw many homes with aspects of these systems used. Ancient India also developed technology such as large reservoirs to hold rainwater and dams to divert and capture rainwater.

许多雨水收集的根源可以追溯到印度。包括建在屋顶上的系统，这些系统至今仍在使用。事实上，当我在2017年访问印度时，我看到许多家庭都使用了这些系统。古印度还发展了一些技术，比如建造大型水库来储存雨水，建造水坝来分流和收集雨水。

Ancient Rome

古罗马

The Romans excelled in many technological advancements, including rainwater harvesting and aqueducts. They would build entire cities with the infrastructure to divert rainwater into large cisterns. The Romans would use this collected water for drinking, bathing, washing, irrigation, and for livestock.

罗马人在许多技术进步方面都表现出色，包括雨水收集和渡槽。他们将建造整个城市，并配备将雨水引入大型蓄水池的基础设施。罗马人将收集来的水用于饮用、沐浴、洗涤、灌溉和饲养牲畜。

They were master engineers. In fact, there is a rainwater collection cistern built to capture rainwater from the streets above in the Sunken Palace, Istanbul that remains to this day, and it is so large that you can sail in it.

他们都是工程大师。事实上，在伊斯坦布尔的沉没宫殿里，有一个雨水收集池，用来收集上面街道上的雨水，这个蓄水池一直保存到今天，它非常大，你可以在里面航行。

North America

北美

Ancient Native Americans used the natural flow of mountain rainwater runoff to collect and use throughout villages. In central Mexico, underground cisterns have been found that were used for collecting rainwater.

古代印第安人利用山间自然流动的雨水收集并在整个村庄中使用。在墨西哥中部，人们发现了用于收集雨水的地下蓄水池。

In the 16th-17th century, early settlers began to use rainwater for laundry due to it being naturally soft. They were the ones who actually started using the term “hard water” and “soft water” because of the trouble that would occur from trying to use mineral-rich water for washing laundry. Soap would react with the hard water, causing a build-up to occur, unlike when they used soft rainwater, which allowed the soap and dirt to wash off easily.

在16 -17世纪，早期的定居者开始使用雨水来洗衣服，因为雨水是天然柔软的。他们是真正开始使用“硬水”和“软水”这个词的人，因为用富含矿物质的水洗衣服会带来麻烦。肥皂会与硬水发生反应，导致污垢积聚，而不像他们使用软雨水时，肥皂和污垢很容易被洗掉。

Settlers and Natives would not have been able to survive in certain areas without the collection of rainwater.

如果没有雨水的收集，移民和土著人将无法在某些地区生存。

Rainwater Harvesting Settles Down

雨水收集解决方案

There began to be issues with the historic way of collecting rain. As civilizations grew, the cisterns would become more and more contaminated. This lead to the spreading of diseases since the modern technology was not available to remove bacteria. As countries became more developed, centralized water utilities began to sprout and became the primary source for all water needs.

历史上收集雨水的方式开始出现问题。随着文明的发展，蓄水池的污染会越来越严重。这导致了疾病的传播，因为现代技术无法去除细菌。随着国家变得更加发达，集中供水设施开始萌芽，并成为所有水需求的主要来源。

Rainwater Harvesting in the Modern Age and Why It’s Coming Back

雨水收集在现代和为什么它回来了

The age of rainwater harvesting has not reached its peak. Many farms continued to use rainwater cisterns for feeding livestock. And as technology developed in water treatment abilities, people started to use rainwater in their homes as the primary source of water yet again.

雨水收集的时代还没有达到顶峰。许多农场继续使用蓄水池喂养牲畜。随着水处理技术的发展，人们又开始在家里使用雨水作为主要的水源。

But why is rainwater harvesting starting to come back?

但是为什么雨水收集又开始流行起来呢?

For the most part, development brings advantages, but there has been a side effect of increasing development that is depleting our natural underground water supply. In the water cycle, there is a critical step that must occur for the process to be effective – groundwater recharge.

在很大程度上，发展带来了好处，但也有一个副作用，即不断增加的发展正在耗尽我们的天然地下水供应。在水循环中，有一个至关重要的步骤，必须发生的过程是有效的-地下水补给。

Through the construction of roadways, cities, and increasing population in metro areas, water is being used, but no water is being replenished. Stormwater is collected and sent into rivers and out to the ocean. Large amounts of water needs to reach the earth and be absorbed in the ground to replenish the natural underground aqueducts. And because this is not happening, water sources are drying up.

由于道路建设、城市建设和城市人口的增加，水被使用了，但却没有得到补充。雨水被收集并排入河流和海洋。大量的水需要到达地面并被地面吸收，以补充天然的地下渡槽。因为这种情况没有发生，水源正在枯竭。

According to the USGS, groundwater depletion in the Chicago metro area has lowered the water level 900 feet.

据美国地质勘探局称，芝加哥地铁地区的地下水枯竭使水位下降了900英尺。

Countries like Austrailia are taking steps to combat this by installing rainwater harvesting systems in homes. These systems use the rainwater captured from the roof, and overflow can be sent to groundwater recharge.

澳大利亚等国家正在采取措施，通过在家中安装雨水收集系统来解决这个问题。这些系统使用从屋顶收集的雨水，溢出的雨水可以用来补给地下水。

Modern Rainwater Harvesting in the United States

美国的现代雨水收集

Throughout the United States, rainwater harvesting is growing rapidly. States like Texas and Arizona are implementing the same tactics, offering rebates for homes using rainwater harvesting as a water source. The American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (ARCSA) was founded just recently and is growing with impact on many states.

在整个美国，雨水收集正在迅速发展。德克萨斯州和亚利桑那州等州也在实施同样的策略，为使用雨水收集作为水源的家庭提供回扣。美国雨水集水系统协会(ARCSA)最近刚刚成立，并在许多州产生了影响。

Tennessee is becoming a leader in the race, with many homes in the state using rainwater as the primary source of water. The University of Tennessee has also implemented rainwater harvesting for its dormitories and is currently working on more projects that will include rainwater harvesting.

田纳西州正在成为这场竞赛的领先者，该州许多家庭使用雨水作为主要的水源。田纳西大学也在其宿舍实施了雨水收集，目前正在开展更多的项目，其中包括雨水收集。

Modern-day rainwater harvesting systems provide high-quality water, high pressure, and ample water storage so that quality of life is only raised, never lowered.

现代雨水收集系统提供高质量的水，高压和充足的储水，因此生活质量只会提高，不会降低。

Rainwater harvesting isn’t going away, it’s coming back with technology and sustainability guiding its path.

雨水收集不会消失，它会在技术和可持续发展的指引下回归。

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功能介绍

前言：

通过调研发现，环境问题，建筑问题，能源问题，最终回归到了古人智慧的问题。大家在发明新事物的过程中，都能在古人哪里看到一点影子。现代化的今天，雨水收集系统，作为环境能源和可持续发展过程中的一个子项，水的重要程度不言而喻。

今天让我们调研下雨水收集的历史，研究下这套系统其究竟，是现代发明？还是古人智慧？

THE HISTORY OF RAINWATER HARVESTING

雨水收集的历史

With the recent trends to be more environmentally conscious, you might think that rainwater harvesting is reaching its peak in popularity. In reality, it’s a method that’s been in practice for thousands of years. Centuries-old cisterns and catchments can still be found around the world and are evident that this practice was thriving for centuries. In fact, modern harvesting is not even as commonplace as it was just a few hundred years ago.

随着最近的环保意识越来越强，你可能会认为雨水收集已经达到了普及的顶峰。实际上，这种方法已经被实践了数千年。世界各地仍然可以找到数百年历史的蓄水池和集水区，很明显，这种做法已经盛行了几个世纪。事实上，现代采收甚至不像几百年前那样普遍。

The history of rainwater harvesting goes back much father though and across many cultures who developed rainwater collection infrastructure independent of each other. Here we explore the full history of rainwater harvesting.

雨水收集的历史可以追溯到很久以前，在许多文化中，雨水收集的基础设施都是相互独立的。在这里，我们探索雨水收集的完整历史。

Who was the first to collect rainwater?

谁做了第一个收集雨水?

It’s impossible to say who started collecting rainwater first. As it can be as simple as setting out a barrel, it’s possible individuals had been collecting rainwater for centuries before it was adopted culturally. The oldest known infrastructure though dates as far back as 5,000 BC in the Indus Valley near modern-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The civilization there boasted one of the most advanced sewage and water supply systems for that era with the technology ingrained into their culture and built into their cities.

很难说是谁先开始收集雨水的。因为它可以像放置一个桶一样简单，所以在被文化接受之前，人们可能已经收集了几个世纪的雨水。然而，已知最古老的基础设施可以追溯到公元前5000年，在今天的印度、巴基斯坦和阿富汗附近的印度河流域。那里的文明拥有那个时代最先进的污水和供水系统之一，这些技术根植于他们的文化和城市中。

It’s clear that the practice of collecting rainwater began well before that. A sophisticated system like that is not developed without precedence and in this case, there is plenty of evidence in the area that the urban installations were the most advanced versions of collection that had already begun. Not far away, a number of tanks were cut from rock to quench the thirst of tradesmen along a busy road.

很明显，收集雨水的做法早在那之前就开始了。像这样复杂的系统不是没有先例就发展起来的，在这种情况下，有很多证据表明，城市装置是已经开始的最先进的收集版本。不远处，有人从岩石上凿出一些水罐，为繁忙道路两旁的商人解渴。

Water collecting through the ages

水的收集历经千古

Many cultures embraced water harvesting over the next few centuries with many ancient cisterns found in Greece and Israel. It was the Roman Empire that embraced rainwater collecting and advanced the practice significantly. With an evolving culture and a growing urban population, the demand for water was insatiable. Romans developed a bath culture and implemented advanced sewage systems that kept their cities amazingly clean. This increasing demand for water led to many inventive solutions, including the famous aqueducts but also advancements in rainwater harvesting.

在接下来的几个世纪里，许多文化都接受了水收集，在希腊和以色列发现了许多古老的蓄水池。罗马帝国接受了雨水收集，并大大推进了这一做法。随着文化的发展和城市人口的增长，对水的需求是无法满足的。罗马人发展了一种沐浴文化，并实施了先进的污水处理系统，使他们的城市保持了惊人的清洁。对水日益增长的需求催生了许多创造性的解决方案，包括著名的渡槽，以及雨水收集方面的进步。

As with many cultures before the Romans, rooftop rainwater collection was commonplace and clear evidence of this was found in Pompei where Terra Cotta pipes funneled the water into cisterns to be stored for domestic use. The cisterns are the real star of the show for the Roman empire. They built many over the course of their empire, some of which are large, impressive, and both. They even built the largest cistern ever*, the Basilica Cistern which was 105,000 square feet large and could hold over 21 million gallons of water. While this was the largest, they had many such cisterns to serve the public’s demand for water.

在罗马人之前的许多文化中，屋顶雨水收集是司空见惯的，在庞贝发现了清晰的证据，在那里，陶俑管道将水汇集到蓄水池中，供家庭使用。这些蓄水池是罗马帝国的真正亮点。他们在帝国的进程中建造了许多，其中一些很大，令人印象深刻，两者兼而有之。他们甚至建造了史上最大的蓄水池——巴西利卡蓄水池，面积达10.5万平方英尺，可容纳2100多万加仑的水。虽然这是最大的，但他们有许多这样的蓄水池来满足公众对水的需求。

The decline of rainwater harvesting

雨水收集的减少

Over the following centuries, the use of rainwater collection for domestic use fell. WIth new technologies for supplying and storing water were invented, the use of traditional rainwater catchments fell out of practice.

在接下来的几个世纪里，雨水收集用于家庭用途的使用减少了。随着供应和储存水的新技术的发明，传统的雨水集水区的使用已经过时了。

One additional reason rainwater harvesting fell out of practice is that cisterns lacked the technology to properly filter the water to prevent disease. As urban areas grew, and travel became more commonplace, traditional cisterns provided an increased risk of spreading disease. After a while, it was largely only practiced in areas where the location and the climate provided no other choice. A lot of rural homes in Australia rely solely on rainwater collecting to provide water for their daily needs.

雨水收集没有被实践的另一个原因是蓄水池缺乏适当过滤水以预防疾病的技术。随着城市面积的扩大，旅行变得更加普遍，传统的蓄水池增加了传播疾病的风险。过了一段时间，它基本上只在地理位置和气候没有其他选择的地区进行。澳大利亚的许多农村家庭完全依靠雨水收集来提供日常所需的水。

Modern Rainwater Harvesting

现代雨水收集

With the acknowledgment of global warming, the rising prices of local water supply companies, and the increasing scarcity of fresh water, collecting rainwater for domestic uses is beginning to see a resurgence in popularity. In places where water is in short supply, governments are even beginning to subsidize the installation of water conservation systems.

随着人们认识到全球变暖，当地供水公司的价格不断上涨，以及淡水日益稀缺，收集雨水供家庭使用开始重新流行起来。在水资源短缺的地方，政府甚至开始补贴安装节水系统。

Whatever the cause for the resurgence, there’s no doubt that rainwater harvesting is a simple technology with powerful benefits for both the environment or your wallet. Or your garden of course!

无论这种复苏的原因是什么，毫无疑问，雨水收集是一种简单的技术，对环境和你的钱包都有很大的好处。当然还有你的花园!

Origin of Rainwater Harvesting

雨水收集的起源

Obviously, it is nearly impossible to trace back to which civilization used the method of rainwater harvesting first, but evidence shows that different types of rainwater collection systems were used in 2000 BC in India, Mesopotamia, China, and modern day Israel.

显然，要追溯最早使用雨水收集方法的文明几乎是不可能的，但有证据表明，公元前2000年，印度、美索不达米亚、中国和现代以色列都使用了不同类型的雨水收集系统。

The basic design of these systems often involved a large rock formed into a basin using clay and other rocks to seal it from leaking. And then, using different diversion tactics, water would be stored and used for drinking, washing, agriculture and more.

这些系统的基本设计通常包括一个大的岩石形成一个盆地，用粘土和其他岩石密封它以防止泄漏。然后，使用不同的分流策略，水将被储存起来，用于饮用、洗涤、农业等。

Middle East

中东

The middle east has a rich history in the rainwater harvesting timeline. Dating back to 2000 B.C., people in the Negev Desert, which is modern-day Israel, survived by capturing water from the hillside and storing it in Cisterns.

中东在雨水收集方面有着丰富的历史。追溯到公元前2000年，内盖夫沙漠，也就是今天的以色列，人们靠从山坡上取水并将其储存在蓄水池中生存下来。

Back then, water availability was truly a life or death situation. According to Heather Kinkade-Levario in Design for Water Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse, in tales of a war for the land east of Jordan, King Mesha of Moab used reservoirs to capture rain and gave his warriors the ability to survive in the dry heat.

那时候，水的供应真的是一个生死攸关的问题。根据Heather kinkde - levario在《雨水收集、雨水集水区和交替水再利用设计》一书中所述，在约旦东部争夺土地的战争故事中，摩押国王米沙利用水库收集雨水，使他的战士能够在干热中生存。

In the civilizations, rainwater harvesting cisterns were common on a home by home basis, based on a historical document of that time in the Middle East. These cisterns would range from 10,000 gallons to 50,000 gallons, and would often be stored underground. Community cisterns were also common. They used technologies such as sediment traps prior to entering the large cistern, which could hold as much as 1,000,000 gallons of water. And even larger reservoirs would hold 11,000,000 gallons of water such as one in Madaba, Jordan.

根据当时中东的一份历史文献，在文明中，雨水收集池在每家每户都很常见。这些蓄水池的容量从1万加仑到5万加仑不等，通常储存在地下。社区蓄水池也很常见。他们在进入可容纳100万加仑水的大蓄水池之前使用了沉淀物陷阱等技术。甚至更大的水库也能容纳1100万加仑的水，比如约旦迈达巴的水库。

India

印度

Many rainwater harvesting roots can be traced back to India. Including systems that are built on top of homes which are still used to this day. In fact, when I visited India in 2017, I saw many homes with aspects of these systems used. Ancient India also developed technology such as large reservoirs to hold rainwater and dams to divert and capture rainwater.

许多雨水收集的根源可以追溯到印度。包括建在屋顶上的系统，这些系统至今仍在使用。事实上，当我在2017年访问印度时，我看到许多家庭都使用了这些系统。古印度还发展了一些技术，比如建造大型水库来储存雨水，建造水坝来分流和收集雨水。

Ancient Rome

古罗马

The Romans excelled in many technological advancements, including rainwater harvesting and aqueducts. They would build entire cities with the infrastructure to divert rainwater into large cisterns. The Romans would use this collected water for drinking, bathing, washing, irrigation, and for livestock.

罗马人在许多技术进步方面都表现出色，包括雨水收集和渡槽。他们将建造整个城市，并配备将雨水引入大型蓄水池的基础设施。罗马人将收集来的水用于饮用、沐浴、洗涤、灌溉和饲养牲畜。

They were master engineers. In fact, there is a rainwater collection cistern built to capture rainwater from the streets above in the Sunken Palace, Istanbul that remains to this day, and it is so large that you can sail in it.

他们都是工程大师。事实上，在伊斯坦布尔的沉没宫殿里，有一个雨水收集池，用来收集上面街道上的雨水，这个蓄水池一直保存到今天，它非常大，你可以在里面航行。

North America

北美

Ancient Native Americans used the natural flow of mountain rainwater runoff to collect and use throughout villages. In central Mexico, underground cisterns have been found that were used for collecting rainwater.

古代印第安人利用山间自然流动的雨水收集并在整个村庄中使用。在墨西哥中部，人们发现了用于收集雨水的地下蓄水池。

In the 16th-17th century, early settlers began to use rainwater for laundry due to it being naturally soft. They were the ones who actually started using the term “hard water” and “soft water” because of the trouble that would occur from trying to use mineral-rich water for washing laundry. Soap would react with the hard water, causing a build-up to occur, unlike when they used soft rainwater, which allowed the soap and dirt to wash off easily.

在16 -17世纪，早期的定居者开始使用雨水来洗衣服，因为雨水是天然柔软的。他们是真正开始使用“硬水”和“软水”这个词的人，因为用富含矿物质的水洗衣服会带来麻烦。肥皂会与硬水发生反应，导致污垢积聚，而不像他们使用软雨水时，肥皂和污垢很容易被洗掉。

Settlers and Natives would not have been able to survive in certain areas without the collection of rainwater.

如果没有雨水的收集，移民和土著人将无法在某些地区生存。

Rainwater Harvesting Settles Down

雨水收集解决方案

There began to be issues with the historic way of collecting rain. As civilizations grew, the cisterns would become more and more contaminated. This lead to the spreading of diseases since the modern technology was not available to remove bacteria. As countries became more developed, centralized water utilities began to sprout and became the primary source for all water needs.

历史上收集雨水的方式开始出现问题。随着文明的发展，蓄水池的污染会越来越严重。这导致了疾病的传播，因为现代技术无法去除细菌。随着国家变得更加发达，集中供水设施开始萌芽，并成为所有水需求的主要来源。

Rainwater Harvesting in the Modern Age and Why It’s Coming Back

雨水收集在现代和为什么它回来了

The age of rainwater harvesting has not reached its peak. Many farms continued to use rainwater cisterns for feeding livestock. And as technology developed in water treatment abilities, people started to use rainwater in their homes as the primary source of water yet again.

雨水收集的时代还没有达到顶峰。许多农场继续使用蓄水池喂养牲畜。随着水处理技术的发展，人们又开始在家里使用雨水作为主要的水源。

But why is rainwater harvesting starting to come back?

但是为什么雨水收集又开始流行起来呢?

For the most part, development brings advantages, but there has been a side effect of increasing development that is depleting our natural underground water supply. In the water cycle, there is a critical step that must occur for the process to be effective – groundwater recharge.

在很大程度上，发展带来了好处，但也有一个副作用，即不断增加的发展正在耗尽我们的天然地下水供应。在水循环中，有一个至关重要的步骤，必须发生的过程是有效的-地下水补给。

Through the construction of roadways, cities, and increasing population in metro areas, water is being used, but no water is being replenished. Stormwater is collected and sent into rivers and out to the ocean. Large amounts of water needs to reach the earth and be absorbed in the ground to replenish the natural underground aqueducts. And because this is not happening, water sources are drying up.

由于道路建设、城市建设和城市人口的增加，水被使用了，但却没有得到补充。雨水被收集并排入河流和海洋。大量的水需要到达地面并被地面吸收，以补充天然的地下渡槽。因为这种情况没有发生，水源正在枯竭。

According to the USGS, groundwater depletion in the Chicago metro area has lowered the water level 900 feet.

据美国地质勘探局称，芝加哥地铁地区的地下水枯竭使水位下降了900英尺。

Countries like Austrailia are taking steps to combat this by installing rainwater harvesting systems in homes. These systems use the rainwater captured from the roof, and overflow can be sent to groundwater recharge.

澳大利亚等国家正在采取措施，通过在家中安装雨水收集系统来解决这个问题。这些系统使用从屋顶收集的雨水，溢出的雨水可以用来补给地下水。

Modern Rainwater Harvesting in the United States

美国的现代雨水收集

Throughout the United States, rainwater harvesting is growing rapidly. States like Texas and Arizona are implementing the same tactics, offering rebates for homes using rainwater harvesting as a water source. The American Rainwater Catchment Systems Association (ARCSA) was founded just recently and is growing with impact on many states.

在整个美国，雨水收集正在迅速发展。德克萨斯州和亚利桑那州等州也在实施同样的策略，为使用雨水收集作为水源的家庭提供回扣。美国雨水集水系统协会(ARCSA)最近刚刚成立，并在许多州产生了影响。

Tennessee is becoming a leader in the race, with many homes in the state using rainwater as the primary source of water. The University of Tennessee has also implemented rainwater harvesting for its dormitories and is currently working on more projects that will include rainwater harvesting.

田纳西州正在成为这场竞赛的领先者，该州许多家庭使用雨水作为主要的水源。田纳西大学也在其宿舍实施了雨水收集，目前正在开展更多的项目，其中包括雨水收集。

Modern-day rainwater harvesting systems provide high-quality water, high pressure, and ample water storage so that quality of life is only raised, never lowered.

现代雨水收集系统提供高质量的水，高压和充足的储水，因此生活质量只会提高，不会降低。

Rainwater harvesting isn’t going away, it’s coming back with technology and sustainability guiding its path.

雨水收集不会消失，它会在技术和可持续发展的指引下回归。

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