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• Europe and China are leading the installation of new pumped storage capacity – fuelled by the motion of water.

• 欧洲和中国正在引领安装新的抽水蓄能装置——由水流驱动。
  

• Batteries are now being built at grid-scale in countries including the US, Australia and Germany.

• 目前，包括美国、澳大利亚和德国在内的国家正在以电网规模建造电池。

• Thermal energy storage is predicted to triple in size by 2030.

• 预计到2030年，热能储存规模将增加两倍。
  

• Mechanical energy storage harnesses motion or gravity to store electricity.

• 机械能储存利用运动或重力来储存电能。
  

If the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing, how do we access power from renewable sources?

如果太阳不发光，风不吹，我们如何从可再生能源中获取电力?

The key is to store energy produced when renewable generation capacity is high, so we can use it later when we need it.

关键是在可再生能源发电能力高的时候储存能源，以便我们以后需要时使用。

With the world’s renewable energy capacity reaching record levels, four storage technologies are fundamental to smoothing out peaks and dips in energy demand without resorting to fossil fuels.

随着世界可再生能源容量达到创纪录的水平，四种存储技术是在不依赖化石燃料的情况下平滑能源需求高峰和低谷的基础。

1. Pumped hydro抽水蓄能

   
   

Pumped hydro involves pumping water uphill at times of low energy demand. The water is stored in a reservoir and, in periods of high demand, released through turbines to create electricity.

抽水蓄能是指在能源需求低的时候向山上抽水。水被储存在水库中，在需求高的时候，通过涡轮机释放出来发电。

Hydropower – including pumped storage – is expected to remain the world’s largest source of renewable electricity generation, according to the International Energy Agency. It uses the motion of water to generate electricity and plays a "critical" role, the IEA says, in decarbonising the power system. It is also key to plugging gaps in energy demand.

据国际能源机构称，水电——包括抽水蓄能——预计仍将是世界上最大的可再生能源发电来源。国际能源机构表示，它利用水的运动来发电，在使电力系统脱碳方面发挥着“关键”作用。这也是填补能源需求缺口的关键。

More than half of new hydropower capacity additions in Europe by 2025 will be pumped storage, notably in Switzerland, Portugal and Austria, the IEA’s Renewables 2020 report says. In China, pumped storage will also account for more than half of new hydropower capacity annually between 2023 and 2025.

国际能源署的《可再生能源2020》报告称，到2025年，欧洲新增水电装机容量的一半以上将是抽水蓄能，尤其是在瑞士、葡萄牙和奥地利。在中国，从2023年到2025年，抽水蓄能也将占每年新增水电装机容量的一半以上。

2. Batteries电池

Batteries have been around since the 1800s and convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

电池从19世纪就出现了，它将储存的化学能转化为电能。

Advances in technology and falling prices mean grid-scale battery facilities that can store increasingly large amounts of energy are enjoying record growth. The world’s largest battery energy storage system so far is the Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility in California, US, where the first 300-megawatt lithium-ion battery – comprising 4,500 stacked battery racks – became operational in January 2021.

技术的进步和价格的下降意味着，能够储存越来越多能源的电网规模的电池设施正享受着创纪录的增长。到目前为止，世界上最大的电池储能系统是美国加利福尼亚州的莫斯兰丁储能设施，在那里，第一个300兆瓦的锂离子电池——包括4500个堆叠的电池架——于2021年1月投入使用。

Other utility-scale battery energy systems are being planned in countries including Australia, Germany, Japan, the UK, Lithuania and Chile.

澳大利亚、德国、日本、英国、立陶宛和智利等国也在规划其他公用事业规模的电池能源系统。

3. Thermal energy storage热能储存

Thermal energy storage is used particularly in buildings and industrial processes. It involves storing excess energy – typically surplus energy from renewable sources, or waste heat – to be used later for heating, cooling or power generation.

热能储存主要用于建筑和工业过程。它涉及储存多余的能量——通常是来自可再生能源的剩余能量，或废热——以供以后用于供暖、制冷或发电。

Liquids – such as water – or solid material - such as sand or rocks - can store thermal energy. Chemical reactions or changes in materials can also be used to store and release thermal energy.

液体——如水——或固体物质——如沙子或岩石——可以储存热能。化学反应或材料的变化也可以用来储存和释放热能。

Water tanks in buildings are simple examples of thermal energy storage systems.

建筑物中的水箱是热能储存系统的简单例子。

In its 2020 Innovation Outlook: Thermal Energy Storage update, the International Renewable Energy Agency predicts the global market for thermal energy storage could triple in size by 2030, from 234 gigawatt hours (GWh) of installed capacity in 2019 to more than 800 GWh.

国际可再生能源机构在其《2020年创新展望:热能储存更新》中预测，到2030年，全球热能储存市场的规模可能会增加两倍，从2019年的234千兆瓦时(GWh)的装机容量增加到800千兆瓦时以上。

4. Mechanical energy storage机械能储存

Mechanical energy storage harnesses motion or gravity to store electricity.

机械能储存利用运动或重力来储存电能。

For example, a flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy that can be called up instantaneously.

例如，飞轮是一种旋转的机械装置，用来储存可以瞬间调用的旋转能量。

“Flywheel technology has many beneficial properties that enable us to improve our current electric grid,” says the Energy Storage Association, the US national trade association for energy storage.

“飞轮技术有许多有益的特性，使我们能够改善我们目前的电网，”美国国家能源存储行业协会储能协会(Energy Storage Association)表示。

Other mechanical systems include compressed air energy storage, which has been used since the 1870’s to deliver on-demand energy for cities and industries. The process involves storing pressurised air or gas and then heating and expanding it in a turbine to generate power when this is needed.

其他机械系统包括压缩空气储能，自19世纪70年代以来一直用于为城市和工业提供按需能源。这个过程包括储存加压空气或气体，然后在涡轮机中加热和膨胀，以便在需要时发电。

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功能介绍

• Europe and China are leading the installation of new pumped storage capacity – fuelled by the motion of water.

• 欧洲和中国正在引领安装新的抽水蓄能装置——由水流驱动。
  

• Batteries are now being built at grid-scale in countries including the US, Australia and Germany.

• 目前，包括美国、澳大利亚和德国在内的国家正在以电网规模建造电池。

• Thermal energy storage is predicted to triple in size by 2030.

• 预计到2030年，热能储存规模将增加两倍。
  

• Mechanical energy storage harnesses motion or gravity to store electricity.

• 机械能储存利用运动或重力来储存电能。
  

If the sun isn’t shining or the wind isn’t blowing, how do we access power from renewable sources?

如果太阳不发光，风不吹，我们如何从可再生能源中获取电力?

The key is to store energy produced when renewable generation capacity is high, so we can use it later when we need it.

关键是在可再生能源发电能力高的时候储存能源，以便我们以后需要时使用。

With the world’s renewable energy capacity reaching record levels, four storage technologies are fundamental to smoothing out peaks and dips in energy demand without resorting to fossil fuels.

随着世界可再生能源容量达到创纪录的水平，四种存储技术是在不依赖化石燃料的情况下平滑能源需求高峰和低谷的基础。

1. Pumped hydro抽水蓄能

   
   

Pumped hydro involves pumping water uphill at times of low energy demand. The water is stored in a reservoir and, in periods of high demand, released through turbines to create electricity.

抽水蓄能是指在能源需求低的时候向山上抽水。水被储存在水库中，在需求高的时候，通过涡轮机释放出来发电。

Hydropower – including pumped storage – is expected to remain the world’s largest source of renewable electricity generation, according to the International Energy Agency. It uses the motion of water to generate electricity and plays a "critical" role, the IEA says, in decarbonising the power system. It is also key to plugging gaps in energy demand.

据国际能源机构称，水电——包括抽水蓄能——预计仍将是世界上最大的可再生能源发电来源。国际能源机构表示，它利用水的运动来发电，在使电力系统脱碳方面发挥着“关键”作用。这也是填补能源需求缺口的关键。

More than half of new hydropower capacity additions in Europe by 2025 will be pumped storage, notably in Switzerland, Portugal and Austria, the IEA’s Renewables 2020 report says. In China, pumped storage will also account for more than half of new hydropower capacity annually between 2023 and 2025.

国际能源署的《可再生能源2020》报告称，到2025年，欧洲新增水电装机容量的一半以上将是抽水蓄能，尤其是在瑞士、葡萄牙和奥地利。在中国，从2023年到2025年，抽水蓄能也将占每年新增水电装机容量的一半以上。

2. Batteries电池

Batteries have been around since the 1800s and convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

电池从19世纪就出现了，它将储存的化学能转化为电能。

Advances in technology and falling prices mean grid-scale battery facilities that can store increasingly large amounts of energy are enjoying record growth. The world’s largest battery energy storage system so far is the Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility in California, US, where the first 300-megawatt lithium-ion battery – comprising 4,500 stacked battery racks – became operational in January 2021.

技术的进步和价格的下降意味着，能够储存越来越多能源的电网规模的电池设施正享受着创纪录的增长。到目前为止，世界上最大的电池储能系统是美国加利福尼亚州的莫斯兰丁储能设施，在那里，第一个300兆瓦的锂离子电池——包括4500个堆叠的电池架——于2021年1月投入使用。

Other utility-scale battery energy systems are being planned in countries including Australia, Germany, Japan, the UK, Lithuania and Chile.

澳大利亚、德国、日本、英国、立陶宛和智利等国也在规划其他公用事业规模的电池能源系统。

3. Thermal energy storage热能储存

Thermal energy storage is used particularly in buildings and industrial processes. It involves storing excess energy – typically surplus energy from renewable sources, or waste heat – to be used later for heating, cooling or power generation.

热能储存主要用于建筑和工业过程。它涉及储存多余的能量——通常是来自可再生能源的剩余能量，或废热——以供以后用于供暖、制冷或发电。

Liquids – such as water – or solid material - such as sand or rocks - can store thermal energy. Chemical reactions or changes in materials can also be used to store and release thermal energy.

液体——如水——或固体物质——如沙子或岩石——可以储存热能。化学反应或材料的变化也可以用来储存和释放热能。

Water tanks in buildings are simple examples of thermal energy storage systems.

建筑物中的水箱是热能储存系统的简单例子。

In its 2020 Innovation Outlook: Thermal Energy Storage update, the International Renewable Energy Agency predicts the global market for thermal energy storage could triple in size by 2030, from 234 gigawatt hours (GWh) of installed capacity in 2019 to more than 800 GWh.

国际可再生能源机构在其《2020年创新展望:热能储存更新》中预测，到2030年，全球热能储存市场的规模可能会增加两倍，从2019年的234千兆瓦时(GWh)的装机容量增加到800千兆瓦时以上。

4. Mechanical energy storage机械能储存

Mechanical energy storage harnesses motion or gravity to store electricity.

机械能储存利用运动或重力来储存电能。

For example, a flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy that can be called up instantaneously.

例如，飞轮是一种旋转的机械装置，用来储存可以瞬间调用的旋转能量。

“Flywheel technology has many beneficial properties that enable us to improve our current electric grid,” says the Energy Storage Association, the US national trade association for energy storage.

“飞轮技术有许多有益的特性，使我们能够改善我们目前的电网，”美国国家能源存储行业协会储能协会(Energy Storage Association)表示。

Other mechanical systems include compressed air energy storage, which has been used since the 1870’s to deliver on-demand energy for cities and industries. The process involves storing pressurised air or gas and then heating and expanding it in a turbine to generate power when this is needed.

其他机械系统包括压缩空气储能，自19世纪70年代以来一直用于为城市和工业提供按需能源。这个过程包括储存加压空气或气体，然后在涡轮机中加热和膨胀，以便在需要时发电。

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